Beginners Guide To Install Windows 10 With Ubuntu Download

The Windows Subsystem for Linux, introduced in the Anniversary Update, became a stable feature in the Fall Creators Update. You can now run Ubuntu and openSUSE on Windows, with Fedora and more Linux distributions coming soon.

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What You Need to Know About Windows 10’s Bash Shell

RELATED:Everything You Can Do With Windows 10’s New Bash Shell

This isn’t a virtual machine, a container, or Linux software compiled for Windows (like Cygwin). Instead, Windows 10 offers a full Windows Subsystem intended for Linux for running Linux software. It’s based on Microsoft’s abandoned Project Astoria work for running Android apps on Windows.

Think of it as the opposite of Wine. While Wine allows you to run Windows applications directly on Linux, the Windows Subsystem for Linux allows you to run Linux applications directly on Windows.

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Microsoft worked with Canonical to offer a full Ubuntu-based Bash shell environment that runs atop this subsystem. Technically, this isn’t Linux at all. Linux is the underlying operating system kernel, and that isn’t available here. Instead, this allows you to run the Bash shell and the exact same binaries you’d normally run on Ubuntu Linux. Free software purists often argue the average Linux operating system should be called “GNU/Linux” because it’s really a lot of GNU software running on the Linux kernel. The Bash shell you’ll get is really just all those GNU utilities and other software.

While this feature was originally called “Bash on Ubuntu on Windows,” it also allows you to run Zsh and other command-line shells. It now supports other Linux distributions, too. You can choose openSUSE Leap or SUSE Enterprise Server instead of Ubuntu, and Fedora is also on its way.

There are some limitations here. This doesn’t yet support background server software, and it won’t officially work with graphical Linux desktop applications. Not every command-line application works, either, as the feature isn’t perfect.

How to Install Bash on Windows 10

RELATED:How Do I Know if I’m Running 32-bit or 64-bit Windows?

This feature doesn’t work on the 32-bit version of Windows 10, so ensure you’re using the 64-bit version of Windows. It’s time to switch to the 64-bit version of Windows 10 if you’re still using the 32-bit version, anyway.

Assuming you have 64-bit Windows, to get started, head to Control Panel > Programs > Turn Windows Features On Or Off. Enable the “Windows Subsystem for Linux” option in the list, and then click the “OK” button.

Click “Restart now” when you’re prompted to restart your computer. The feature won’t work until you reboot.

Note: Starting with the Fall Creators Update, you no longer have to enable Developer Mode in the Settings app to use this feature. You just need to install it from the Windows Features window.

After your computer restarts, open the Microsoft Store from the Start menu, and search for “Linux” in the store. Click “Get the apps” under the “Linux on Windows?” banner.

Note: Starting with the Fall Creators Update, you can no longer install Ubuntu by running the “bash” command. Instead, you have to install Ubuntu or another Linux distribution from the Store app.

RELATED:What’s the Difference Between Ubuntu, openSUSE, and Fedora on Windows 10?

You’ll see a list of every Linux distribution currently available in the Windows Store. As of the Fall Creators Update, this includes Ubuntu, openSUSE Leap, and openSUSE Enterprise, with a promise that Fedora will arrive soon.

Update: Debian and Kali are now available in the Store, but aren’t listed here. Search for “Debian Linux” or “Kali Linux” to find and install them.

To install a Linux distribution, click it, and then click the “Get” or “Install” button to install it like any other Store application.

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If you’re not sure which Linux environment to install, we recommend Ubuntu. This popular Linux distribution was previously the only option available, but other Linux systems are now available for people who have more specific needs.

You can also install multiple Linux distributions and they’ll each get their own unique shortcuts. You can even run multiple different Linux distributions at a time in different windows.

How to Use The Bash Shell and Install Linux Software

RELATED:How to Install Linux Software in Windows 10’s Ubuntu Bash Shell

You now have a full command-line bash shell based on Ubuntu, or whatever other Linux distribution you installed.

Because they’re the same binaries, you can use Ubuntu’s apt or apt-get command to install software from Ubuntu’s repositories if you’re using Ubuntu. Just use whatever command you’d normally use on that Linux distribution. You’ll have access to all the Linux command line software out there, although some applications may not yet work perfectly.

To open the Linux environment you installed, just open the Start menu and search for whatever distribution you installed. For example, if you installed Ubuntu, launch the Ubuntu shortcut.

You can pin this application shortcut to your Start menu, taskbar, or desktop for easier access.

The first time you launch the Linux environment, you’re be prompted to enter a UNIX username and password. These don’t have to match your Windows username and password, but will be used within the Linux environment.

For example, if you enter “bob” and “letmein” as your credentials, your username in the Linux environment will be “bob” and the password you use inside the Linux environment will be “letmein”—no matter what your Windows username and password are.

RELATED:How to Set Your Default Linux Distribution on Windows 10

You can launch your installed Linux environment by running the wsl command. If you have multiple Linux distributions installed, you can choose the default Linux environment this command launches.

If you have Ubuntu installed, you can also run the ubuntu command to install it. For openSUSE Leap 42, use opensuse-42 . For SUSE Linux Enterprise Sever 12, use sles-12 . These commands are listed on each Linux distribution’s page on the Windows Store.

You can still launch your default Linux environment by running the bash command, but Microsoft says this is deprecated. This means the bash command may stop functioning in the future.

If you’re experienced using a Bash shell on Linux, Mac OS X, or other platforms, you’ll be right at home.

On Ubuntu, you need to prefix a command with sudo to run it with root permissions. The “root” user on UNIX platforms has full system access, like the “Administrator” user on Windows. Your Windows file system is located at /mnt/c in the Bash shell environment.

Use the same Linux terminal commands you’d use to get around. If you’re used to the standard Windows Command Prompt with its DOS commands, here are a few basic commands common to both Bash and Windows:

• Change Directory: cd in Bash, cd or chdir in DOS
• List Contents of Directory: ls in Bash, dir in DOS
• Move or Rename a File: mv in Bash, move and rename in DOS
• Copy a File: cp in Bash, copy in DOS
• Delete a File: rm in Bash, del or erase in DOS
• Create a Directory: mkdir in Bash, mkdir in DOS
• Use a Text Editor: vi or nano in Bash, edit in DOS

RELATED:Beginner Geek: How to Start Using the Linux Terminal

It’s important to remember that, unlike Windows, the Bash shell and its Linux-imitating environment are case-sensitive. In other words, “File.txt” with a capital letter is different from “file.txt” without a capital.

For more instructions, consult our beginner’s guide to the Linux command-line and other similar introductions to the Bash shell, Ubuntu command line, and Linux terminal online.

You’ll need to use the apt command to install and update the Ubuntu environment’s software. Be sure to prefix these commands with sudo , which makes them run as root–the Linux equivalent of Administrator. Here are the apt-get commands you’ll need to know:

• Download Updated Information About Available Packages: sudo apt update
• Install an Application Package: sudo apt install packagename (Replace “packagename” with the package’s name.)
• Uninstall an Application Package: sudo apt remove packagename (Replace “packagename” with the package’s name.)
• Search for Available Packages: sudo apt search word (Replace “word” with a word you want to search package names and descriptions for.)
• Download and Install the Latest Versions of Your Installed Packages: sudo apt upgrade

If you installed a SUSE Linux distribution, you can use the zypper command to install software instead.

After you’ve downloaded and installed an application, you can type its name at the prompt, and then press Enter to run it. Check that particular application’s documentation for more details.

Bonus: Install the Ubuntu Font for a True Ubuntu Experience

If you want a more accurate Ubuntu experience on Windows 10, you can also install the Ubuntu fonts and enable them in the terminal. You don’t have to do this, as the default Windows command prompt font looks pretty good to us, but it’s an option.

Here’s what it looks like:

To install the font, first download the Ubuntu Font Family from Ubuntu’s website. Open the downloaded .zip file and locate the “UbuntuMono-R.ttf” file. This is the Ubuntu monospace font, which is the only one used in the terminal. It’s the only font you need to install.

Double-click the “UbuntuMono-R.ttf” file and you’ll see a preview of the font. Click “Install” to install it to your system.

RELATED:Learning to Use the Registry Editor Like a Pro

To make the Ubuntu monospace font become an option in the console, you’ll need to add a setting to the Windows registry.

Open a registry editor by pressing Windows+R on your keyboard, typing regedit , and then pressing Enter. Navigate to the following key or copy and paste it into the Registry Editor’s address bar:

Right-click in the right pane and select New > String Value. Name the new value 000 .

Double-click the “000” string you just created, and then enter Ubuntu Mono as its value data.

Launch an Ubuntu window, right-click the title bar, and then select the “Properties” command. Click the “Font” tab, and then select “Ubuntu Mono” in the font list.

Software you install in the Bash shell is restricted to the Bash shell. You can access these programs from the Command Prompt, PowerShell, or elsewhere in Windows, but only if you run the bash -c command.

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Are you looking for a Linux distro that’s suitable for new users who are willing to start an exciting Linux journey? Well, you’re in the right place.

The beauty of Linux lies in the plethora of options available to the users. While some call it Linux distro fragmentation, I love to call it Linux’s strength. It allows the users to choose a Linux distro suitable for their needs and learn new things. The same choice allows one to find a beginner-friendly Linux distro, gaming distro, gaming distro, etc. These days, Linux Mint is giving a tough competition to Ubuntu as it’s very beginner-friendly. But what about other options for new Linux users? Let’s find out!

Don’t forget to check out our other most-visited list of Linux distro recommendations:

9 Best Linux Distributions For Beginners or New Users

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1. Linux Mint

Linux Mint is one of the most popular Linux distributions around. Over the years, it has grown to become one of the chief competitors of Ubuntu Linux, its parent operating system. It’s known to provide one of the most polished and complete desktop experiences to a beginner. If someone asks me to recommend the best Linux distro for beginners, I promptly say Linux Mint.

So, what has inspired this answer? Does Linux Mint work just like Windows operating system? Well, the answer lies in the fact that Linux Mint was created with a goal to provide an out-of-the-box experience to the newbies. Unlike many other Linux distros, you don’t need to install plugins, media codecs, components like Java, etc. This means that it really cares about the average and new users. It turns out to be equally good on laptops and powerful desktops. In my experience, Linux Mint also turns out to be the best Linux distro for Windows users who are making a shift to the world of Linux.

There are three major editions of Linux Mint: Cinnamon, MATE, Xfce

Why Choose Linux Mint?

• Near-perfect desktop experience
• Cinnamon desktop is a great option
• Full access to Ubuntu software repo
• Great community
• Out-of-box codecs plugins

Visit Linux Mint’s website here.

2. Ubuntu

If you’re a regular reader of Fossbytes or a Linux enthusiast, Ubuntu needs no introduction. In the past, I’ve also written a dedicated post on the benefits of Ubuntu. Many of those benefits can also be listed as the reasons to call Ubuntu one of the best Linux distros for new users. This Debian-based Linux distribution also enjoys the status of the most popular open source operating system in the world.

Every new release is more polished and comes loaded with new features and improvements. Many PC makers like Dell and Lenovo design specific series of machines that come with preinstalled Ubuntu Linux. After conquering the desktop world, Ubuntu has also managed to gain big in the cloud. But, it’s a tale that we’ll discuss in another article. Another major reason to use Ubuntu for a new Linux user is its vast community of users and online forums.

The recognized Ubuntu flavors are Ubuntu, Ubuntu GNOME, Ubuntu Kylin, Edubuntu, Lubuntu, Xubuntu, Ubuntu MATE, Ubuntu Studio, Ubuntu Budgie

Why Choose Ubuntu?

• Tons of free software in the Software Center
• Vast Ubuntu community
• Lots of flavors to suit your needs
• Compatible with most hardware

Visit Linux Ubuntu’s website here.

3. Zorin OS

While one can argue that Canonical has worked hard to develop Ubuntu and make it popular, there are many other operating system developers who have dedicated themselves to create one of the finest Linux distros for beginners. Apart from Linux Mint, Zorin OS is another major player that has focused itself on user-friendliness and usability.

Zorin OS calls itself a replacement for Windows and macOS. It comes loaded with everything that one needs to complete daily tasks. With a Windows-like interface that’s built with beginners in mind, Zorin OS is easily the best Linux distro for Windows users. Its Windows 10-styled desktop is great at making things easier for a Windows lover. It also ships with a skinned version of Ubuntu Software that answers a beginner’s most software needs.

Zorin OS comes with the default GNOME desktop environment.

Why Choose Zorin OS?

• Focus on user-friendliness
• Windows-like interface
• Great out-of-the-box experience
• Appealing desktop effects
• Feature packed media software

Visit Zorin’s website here.

4. elementary OS

This visually stunning desktop is often listed as one of the most beautiful Linux distributions around, but it’s a lot more than that. The creators of elementary OS call their OS a fast and open replacement for Windows and macOS. Well, is their claim credible? Is elementary OS the best Linux distro for new users?

Unlike other distros, there are many interesting things about elementary. It’s intuitive, clean, and endearing. The makers of elementary are experts in design and their operating system makes sure that the user doesn’t get confused. The looks of the OS is very pleasing with a simple dock at the bottom and a panel at the top. The applications that come loaded with this beginner-friendly Linux distribution follow the same clean theme and are fairly basic in nature. Overall, it’s a very nice Linux distribution for a new user who doesn’t want to indulge in the terminal sorcery.

elementary OS comes with Pantheon desktop environment.

Why Choose elementary OS?

• Visually appealing
• Stable and lightweight
• Clean looking desktop
• Many useful pre-installed software

Visit elementary OS website here

5. MX Linux

MX Linux, which is a joint venture of antiX Linux distro and MEPIC community, places itself a bit differently when it comes to its highlights. Unlike other distros that either call them lightweight or performance focused, MX Linux labels itself as a midweight operating system.

Thanks to its easy installation process and familiar looks, the new users find themselves at home while using MX Linux. With a pretty good hardware recognition and automatic configuration for an out-of-the-box experience, this Debian GNU/Linux-based is also known to be stable for dependable performance.

Default desktop environment used by this beginner-friendly distro is Xfce

Why use MX Linux if you’re a beginner?

• A unique midweight approach
• Familiar Xfce desktop environment
• Easy installation and configuration

Visit MX Linux website here

6. Solus

Solus is an independent Linux distribution that is built from scratch. It follows the “Install Today. Updates Forever” model that promises to deliver updates on a regular basis with a rolling release model. Apart from offering installation media with various desktop environments, Solus team has also created its own Budgie desktop environment.

Linux beginners will surely like the look and feel of the Solus as it’s very neat and clean. Even though the dedicated software selection of Solus is smaller as compared to other distros, the applications are really refined to make the default software actually useful. The distro is also known for a smooth and hiccup-free experience when it comes to hardware issues. Also, as expected, the installation is smooth and you are able to get a working system up and running in no time.

Why should a beginner install Solus?

• Beautiful user interface
• Easy installation
• Regular updates and excellent hardware support

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Visit Solus website here

7. Deepin Linux

Just Like elementary OS, Deepin Linux is another visually appealing Linux distro for beginners. Developed by the Chinese Linux community, Deeping is created to provide a functional Linux desktop experience. One thing that sets Deepin apart is its installation process, which is one of the simplest.

Deepin Linux offers a newbie a clean and simple user interface. The icons and color theme too look modern and pleasant. To access the system settings, you just need to access a right panel that lets you manage all settings, users, themes, wallpapers, etc. On the applications front, Deeping Linux manages to woo first-time Linux users. It comes loaded with many useful pre-installed programs like Chrome, Nautilus file manager, Deepin media player, USB Creator, PDF viewer, LibreOffice, etc. Even for the experienced users, Deepin feels like a breath of fresh air. So, go ahead and give it a try.

Deepin Linux uses Deepin Desktop Environment (DDE)

Why Choose Deepin Linux?

• Deepin’s own desktop environment
• Beautiful and pleasant experience
• Custom app store
• Custom installer and system settings

Default Desktop Environment:

Visit Deepin Linux website here.

8. Manjaro Linux

After Linux Mint and elementary OS, Manjaro is my third personal favorite Linux distro on this list of best Linux distros for beginners. Manjaro is one of the best non-Ubuntu Linux distributions for new users. It’s often called Arch Linux for human beings and there are plenty of great reasons to support this argument. However, it’s worth noting that its learning curve is steeper as compared to other solutions.

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Manjaro is based on Arch Linux and it’s one of the fastest growing Linux distributions around. It’s an attractive and simple-to-use Linux distro that seems like a perfect Windows replacement. Manjaro maintains its own package repositories and aims to add its user-friendliness to the power of Arch Linux. It comes with its own installer for easy installation. It should be noted that Manjaro is a Rolling Linux distribution, which means that it is continuously updated. Another great feature of Manjaro is that a beginner would love its ability to switch between different Linux kernels without a hassle.

Major editions of Manjaro Linux are Xfce and KDE. There are other community editions as well.

Why Choose Manjaro Linux OS?

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• Power of Arch Linux without hassle
• Easy to use
• Rolling Linux distro
• Easily switchable kernel
• Great hardware support
• Fast growing community

Visit Manjaro Linux website here.

9. Linux Lite

Wishing to use a Linux distro that’s suitable for new users and loves your old PC? Well, in that case, you should try out Linux Lite. As the name suggests, it doesn’t demand much from you. Based on the Ubuntu LTS releases, it’s fully functional out of the box. What does that mean? It means that a new Linux user doesn’t need to install extra software for performing daily chores. It includes Firefox, GIMP, LibreOffice, Thunderbird, VLC media player, etc.

Linux Lite has a menu similar to Windows, making things easier to Windows users who are planning to make dive into the world of Linux. It also provides automatic upgrades for smooth operating. So, if you wish to try out Linux on your outdated laptop/PC, Linux Lite is the right choice.

Linux Lite runs on lightweight Xfce desktop environment.

Why Choose Linux Lite?

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• Very lightweight Linux distro
• Great choice for Windows users
• Easy to use
• Pre-installed software

Visit Linux Lite website here.

Editor’s recommendation:

If you’re looking for a Linux distro that’s overall best, you can go ahead with Linux Mint Cinnamon Edition. Apart from being a beginner-friendly Linux distro, it’s powerful and ready to be your companion. Just in case you’re willing to run Linux on an old PC, go ahead with Linux Lite. For the users comfortable with Windows, I’ll recommend Zorin OS and Linux Lite.

Apart from beginner-friendly Linux distros, if you’re looking for something else, here’s our complete list of recommendations:

So, did you find this article on Linux distros for Linux newbies useful? Which was your first Linux distro? Don’t miss to share your views and feedback.